A Quality Hybrid Service Discovery Protocol

Hybrid protocol combines the advantages of proactive and reactive routing in adhoc network. The routing is initially established with some proactively prospected routes and then serves the demand from additionally activated nodes through reactive flooding. In this paper we propose A Quality Hybrid Service Discovery Protocol (QHSDP) for discovering services. A broadcast mechanism is used to get the service and routing information of the nodes present inside the zone. The routing and service information reduces the packet flooding in the network hence reducing collision and increasing packet delivery efficiency. Reduced control packets in turn reduces the battery power consumption. A query message is bordercasted through the peripheral nodes to the nodes outside the zone. This makes the discovery procedure more sclable, hence increasing the node’s coverage and reducing the latency in the proposed technology compared to the existing technolog

JUNGBRUNNEN1 confers drought tolerance downstream of the HD-Zip I Transcription factor AtHB13

Low water availability is the major environmental factor limiting growth and productivity of plants and crops and is therefore considered of high importance for agriculture affected by climate change. Identifying regulatory components controlling the response and tolerance to drought stress is thus of major importance. The NAC transcription factor (TF) JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1) from Arabidopsis thaliana extends leaf longevity under non-stress growth conditions, lowers cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and enhances tolerance against heat stress and salinity. Here, we additionally find that JUB1 strongly increases tolerance to drought stress in Arabidopsis when expressed from both, a constitutive (CaMV 35S) and an abiotic stress-induced (RD29A) promoter. Employing a yeast one-hybrid screen we identified HD-Zip class I TF AtHB13 as an upstream regulator of JUB1. AtHB13 has previously been reported to act as a positive regulator of drought tolerance. AtHB13 and JUB1 thereby establish a joint drought stress control module.Fil: Ebrahimian Motlagh, Saghar. University of Potsdam; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; AlemaniaFil: Ribone, Pamela Anahí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P.. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania. University of Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Allu, Annapurna D.. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania. University of Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Chan, Raquel Lia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Mueller Roeber, Bernd. University of Potsdam; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; AlemaniaFil: Balazadeh, Salma. University of Potsdam; Alemania. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemani

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and microstructure evolution of calcium lanthanum metaborate glass

This paper reports results on the crystallization kinetics of 35.5CaO-7.25La(2)O(3)-57.25B(2)O(3) glass under nonisothermal conditions based on the studies carried out from the differential thermal analysis upon using various well-established models. The crystalline phases formed during the optimized ceramization process have been confirmed from the X-ray diffraction. The activation energies of the first (formation of CaLaB(7)O(13)) and second (formation of LaBO(3)) crystallization events have been estimated using the conventional methods of Kissinger, Augis-Bennett, Ozawa, and Matusita, and the results are found to be in good agreement with each other. The Avrami exponents that are determined by these models for the crystallization of CaLaB(7)O(13) and LaBO(3) are found to be in the range of (1.81-2.35) and (4.03-4.65), respectively. This indicates that the formation of CaLaB(7)O(13) is dominated by a surface crystallization, whereas LaBO(3) is formed by three-dimensional bulk crystallization with an increased rate of nucleation. This observation is further validated by microstructural investigation, which shows the formation of CaLaB(7)O(13) phase as a surface layer and a bulk crystallization of LaBO(3) in optimally ceramized samples

Plant growth promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis promote growth and physiological parameters of Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important medicinal crop grown for its aromatic rhizome which is used as a spice, food, flavouring agent and medicine. It has been characterised for its hypoglycemic, hypotensive, antioxidant and antibiotic properties. This study was conducted to determine the impact of plant growth-promoting potential of bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis L2 on plant growth and physiological properties of ginger. The experiment was carried out in randomised block design with three replications in pot experiments. The plants were grown in greenhouse conditions for three months. The results showed that at 8 and 12 weeks after planting (WAP) bacterial inoculation increased plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant and leaf width. Inoculation with B. subtilis L2 significantly increased plant height by 16, 20 and 18% compared to control at 4, 8 and 12 WAP. At 8 and 12 WAP, leaf length significantly raised by B. subtilis L2 as compared to uninoculated control. B. subtilis L2 significantly increased the number of leaves per plant and leaf width by 30 and 21% respectively when comparing with non-inoculated plants at 8 WAP. The percentage increase in chlorophyll content resulted from the inoculation with B. subtilis L2 over the control was 10.5%, 15.5% and 18.4% at 4, 8 and 12 WAP respectively. It is concluded that there is a significant positive effect of inoculation with B. subtilis L2 on the growth of ginger. B. subtilis L2 strain can be used as a potential agent or bio-fertiliser for stimulation of ginger growth

Does U.S. Federal Employment Law Now Cover Caste Discrimination Based on Untouchability?: If All Else Fails There Is the Possible Application of Bostock v. Clayton County

This article discusses the issue of whether a victim of caste discrimination based on untouchability can assert a claim of intentional employment discrimination under Title VII or Section 1981. This article contends that there are legitimate arguments that this form of discrimination is a form of religious discrimination under Title VII. The question of whether caste discrimination is a form of race or national origin discrimination under Title VII or Section 1981 depends upon how the courts apply these definitions to caste discrimination based on untouchability. There are legitimate arguments that this form of discrimination is recognized within the concept of race discrimination or national origin discrimination under Title VII or race discrimination under Section 1981. However, if courts reject these conclusions, the approach adopted by the Supreme Court in its June 2020 decision in Bostock v Clayton County would provide another potent legal argument for recognizing such discrimination. The Bostock approach avoids the question of whether caste discrimination based on untouchability is a form of national origin or racial discrimination. This approach draws on the Supreme Court’s recognition that the “but-for” causation standard applies under both Title VII and Section 1981. The but-for test directs us to change one thing at a time and see if the outcome changes. If it does, we have found a but-for cause. And, multiple but-for causes can exist. Applying this approach to intentional employment discrimination against gays, lesbians or transgender individuals, the Supreme Court pointed out that such a person’s sex is inextricably intertwined with their other status. The Court concluded that discrimination against a person because they are gay, lesbian or transgender means that you are discriminating against such a person based on that status, which is not protected, and their sex, which is. Thus, under the Bostock approach, because all of those who are victims of caste discrimination based on untouchability are from Asia, their caste is inextricably intertwined with their race. As a result, when Dalits are victims of intentional discrimination based on untouchabilty, the discriminator is motivated to discriminate against them because of their caste, which is not a protected trait, and their race, which is. Thus, intentional caste discrimination inevitably also involves race discrimination under both Title VII and Section 1981

Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Mycophenolate: An Anti-Neoplastic Agent in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

ree simple, precise and cost-effective spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Mycophenolate in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations. Mycophenolate shows max at 250.0 nm in zero-derivative spectrum (method A), 258.0 nm in �rst-derivative spectrum (method B) and method C is based on the calculation of area under curve (A�C) for analysis of Mycophenolate in the wavelength range of 240.0-260.0 nm. e drug follows the Beer-Lambert's law in the concentration range of 1.0-150.0 g/mL for all the methods. e methods were validated by following the analytical performance parameters suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. e developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Mycophenolate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DORZOLAMIDE AND TIMOLOL MALEATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

A fast, sensitive and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Dorzolamide and Timolol maleate in ophthalmic preparations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Inertsil ODS 3V C18 column (250 X 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) with mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile and 1-Octane Sulphonic acid buffer (0.02M) pH adjusted to 3.5 ± 0.05 with o-phosphoric acid (36:64 V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analytes were detected at 254 nm and 295 nm for Dorzolamide and Timolol maleate respectively by PDA detector. Brimonidine was used as internal standard (IS). The retention time of Dorzolamide, Timolol maleate and Brimonidine were found to be at 6.020 ± 0.02, 8.254 ± 0.01 and 4.636 ± 0.01 mins respectively. The linearity of the method ranged between 4-720 and 1-180 µg/mL for Dorzolamide and Timolol maleate respectively with correlation coefficient 0.999 for both the drugs in binary mixture. The LOD was found to be 0.6951 µg/mL and 0.2489 µg/mL for Dorzolamide and Timolol maleate respectively and LOQ was found to be 2.3214 µg/mL and 0.8317 µg/mL for Dorzolamide and Timolol maleate respectively

Analysis of On Demand and Table Driven Routing Protocol for Fire Fighter Application

In an Ad hoc communication, the nodes are randomly distributed in a region are moving arbitrarily. We propose Analysis of On demand and Table driven routing protocols for Fire Fighter Applications (AOTFF) in this paper. The performance analysis on reactive protocols viz., AODV and AOMDV as well as proactive protocol DSDV are compared with Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF) and Simulation time. The model of fire fighter is developed using routing protocol to cover maximum area by knowing the path that is already been used . It is observed that the performance of reactive protocols are better than compared to proactive protocols.

Polychaete community structure of Vasishta Godavari estuary, east coast of India

The community structure of polychaete fauna from the Vasishta Godavari estuary was analyzed in this study. The data presented in this paper were collected during 1976 - 78 and published in 1983, and now re-analysed using PRIMER 6.1, CANOCO 4.5. The polychaetes were collected from a 16 km stretch of the lower Vasishta Godavari estuary (16o18’N lat., 81o42’E long.) during flood, summer and recovery seasons at 6 permanent stations. Altogether 216 sediment samples were analysed and 73 polychaete taxa were identified. Polychaete diversity was higher (Shannon-Wiener H’: 1.94±0.28) in samples from recovery season relative to summer season (H’: 1.54±0.44) and flood season (H’: 1.44±0.024). Using multivariate statistical techniques two polychaete associations could be recognised from the Vasishta Godavari estuary, namely Heteromastus similis, Nephthys oligobranchia and Indonereis gopalai assemblage Group 1 (samples from recovery and summer season) and Group 2 (samples from flood season). Group 2 did not reveal any particular species from flood season samples. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that sand, salinity, clay and temperature have influenced the polychaete distribution. This study therefore provides key information on the biodiversity of polychaete communities of the Vasishta Godavari estuary

Single-Cell, Genome-wide Sequencing Identifies Clonal Somatic Copy-Number Variation in the Human Brain

SUMMARY De novo copy-number variants (CNVs) can cause neuropsychiatric disease, but the degree to which they occur somatically, and during development, is unknown. Single-cell whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in >200 single cells, including >160 neurons from three normal and two pathological human brains, sensitively identified germline trisomy of chromosome 18 but found most (≥95%) neurons in normal brain tissue to be euploid. Analysis of a patient with hemimegalencephaly (HMG) due to a somatic CNV of chromosome 1q found unexpected tetrasomy 1q in ~20% of neurons, suggesting that CNVs in a minority of cells can cause widespread brain dysfunction. Single-cell analysis identified large (>1 Mb) clonal CNVs in lymphoblasts and in single neurons from normal human brain tissue, suggesting that some CNVs occur during neurogenesis. Many neurons contained one or more large candidate private CNVs, including one at chromosome 15q13.2-13.3, a site of duplication in neuropsychiatric conditions. Large private and clonal somatic CNVs occur in normal and diseased human brains